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The Davul is the Turkish name for a type of two-sided frame drum found
in the Middle East and Balkan Europe. In Arabic, it is called a tabl,
literally meaning "drum." Cow hide is stretched over the right Side and
struck with a heavy beater, known in Turkish as a tokmak, for a heavy,
low tone. Over the other side, thinner goat skin is stretched. This is
struck with a long, thin stick, known as a çubuk, for a higher pitch.
They typically range in size from 60cm in diameter to 90cm in diameter.
In Arabic-speaking countries, it is associated with the dabke, a folkloric line dance of the Levant, and the cane dance of Upper Egypt. It is accompanied by the mizmar, mijwiz, or minjayra, a smaller mountain version of the reed flute, or nay.
In Turkey, the davul is most commonly played with the Zurna, although it can be played with other instruments and in ensembles as well. It has also traditionally been used for communication and for Turkish mehter, or janissary music.
Nağara (Koltuk Davulu): Nağara (Koltuk Davulu)is a Turkish folk drum or percussion instrument. It is placed under the arm and beaten with hands. It is longer compared to the regular drums and its diameter is smaller.This is the same as Azerbaijani naghara. There is a proverb in Azerbaijani language that says toy-dan-sora-naghara! This literally means after the wedding ceremonies naghara! This instrument helped the doctors to deal with bad mood, melancholy, intellectual and physical exhaustion, as well as low blood pressure. It was considered that the Naghara could substitute for some medicinal plants and tones like spicy cloves. The rhythmic beating of the naghara is believed to lead to the strengthening of the heart. The naghara is described in the Early Middle Age Azerbaijani literary epic, "Kitabi Dada Gorgud"(Book of Dede Korkut) (The Book of my Grandfather). Instruments resembling the Naghara were also well known in ancient Egypt.
Thus, according to the rich scientific and musical heritage of our ancestors, it seems that not only did they listen to music for enjoyment and entertainment, but they perceived music a potent force in the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
Davul (drum) is the oldest known percussion instrument. It can be in different sizes and is generally used in open spaces on occasions such as weddings, folk dances or differeent ceremonies. It consists of a circular wooden frame and a hoop made from two sknsand covered with skin which is put on the frame with the help of strong strngs or leather ribbons.
It is played while hung on the shoulder with knitted or leather strap. The skin on one side of the drum is thich while the on on the other is thinner. The thin one is made from goat, the thick one from sheep skin. The thick skin side is hit with a tokmak and the thin skinned one with a light wooden stick. It is possible to scan or treble with the thin stick. The drum can either be played hung to the sholder or holding it under the arm and using hands.
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