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Alâeddin Mosque is the principal monument on the citadel of Konya, Turkey. The building served as the “Mosque of the Throne” for the Seljuq Sultans of Rum and contains the dynastic mausoleum. It was constructed in stages between the mid-12th and mid-13th centuries. Both the citadel and the mosque bear the name of sultan 'Ala al-Din Kayqubad I (Alâeddin Tepesi and Alâeddin Camii).
The Mosque
Following typical Seljuq procedure, a Christian basilica on the site
was converted into a mosque following the capture of the city in 1080.
Much of the building material and architectural ornament incorporated
in later rebuilding, especially columns and capitals, was salvaged from
this basilica and other nearby Byzantine structures.
Evidence of an early building program dates from the time of Mesud I.
An inscription dates the fine, ebony minbar to 1155; the minbar is the
first dated example of Seljuq art in Anatolia. The polychrome ceramic
frame of the mihrab and the dome above may date to this period.
Kaykaus I began a major rebuilding program in 1219. He changed the main
entrance from the west to the north, opposite the mihrab. He added a
monumental façade on the north Side, overlooking the city and facing
the Seljuq palace. A marble tomb was begun in the courtyard. Kaykaus’
building was cut short by his death in the same year, only to be
resumed thereafter by his brother and successor Kayqubad I. Kayqubad
had several of his brother's inscriptions altered and claimed the
improvements to the mosque for himself. In 1235 he added a large room,
supported by forty-two columns, to the east of the mihrab.
The minaret, the marble mihrab (1891), and the eastern door, through
which most visitors enter the mosque, date from the Ottoman period.
Sultans buried in the Mosque
The courtyard of Alâeddin Mosque encloses two monumental mausolea.
According to an inscription on the façade, Kilij Arslan II built the
decahedral tomb with the conical roof. This mausoleum became the burial
place of the Seljuq dynasty and houses the sarcophagi of eight of the
Seljuq sultans of Rum:
* Mesud I (d. 1156)
* Kilij Arslan II (d. 1196)
* Süleymanshah II (d. 1204)
* Kaykhusraw I (d. 1210)
* Kayqubad I (d. 1236)
* Kaykhusraw II (d. 1246)
* Kilij Arslan IV (d. 1266)
* Kaykhusraw III (d. 1283).
The second mausoleum was begun by Kaykaus I but left unfinished at the
time of the sultan’s death (d. 1219). The tomb is octagonal and
constructed from marble. This unfinished mausoleum is known as Adsız
Türbe, or the "Anonymous Mausoleum," since the names of those buried
within are unknown. Mummified corpses are on view.
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