TURKISH GRAMMAR


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Present Tense

There are two present tenses, continous and simple, which are used similar as in English.

Present continous (its usage resambles the English "-ing" tense)
It describes an action which is going on at the moment of speaking.

The suffixes -iyor, -ıyor, -uyor or -üyor and the presonal ending are added to the verb stem:

-um -- for the 1st pers. sg.: I
-sun -- for the 2nd pers. sg.: you
- -- for the 3rd pers. sg. (no ending): he, she, it
-uz -- for the 1st pers. pl.: we
-sunuz -- for the 2nd pers. pl and 2. pers. sg. respect form: you
-lar -- for the 3rd pers. pl.: they

almak (to take, to buy)
alıyorum (I take, buy)
alıyorsun (you take, buy)
alıyor (he, she, it takes, buys)
alıyoruz (we take, buy)
alıyorsunuz (you take, buy)
alıyorlar (they take, buy)

Bunu alıyorum. (I take this. or I buy this.)

anlamak (to understand), anlıyorum (I understand), anlıyorsun (you understand), etc.
bulmak (to find): buluyorum (I find), buluyorsun (you find), etc.
vermek: veriyorum, veriyorsun, etc.
gitmek: gidiyorum, gidiyorsun, etc.
gelmek: geliyorum, geliyorsun, etc.
göndermek (to send): gönderiyorum, gönderiyorsun, etc.
söz vermek (to promise): söz veriyorum, söz veriyorsun, etc.

In the case of the verb gitmek the last consonant of the stem t changes in front of the tense suffix with an initial vowel (-iyor).

Negative Forms of Present Continous Tense

The negative verb stem melts to the -ıyor (-iyor, uyor, üyor) suffix and retains its reduced form -m- of the negative verb suffix (-ma-, -me-).

anlamamak (not to understand)
anlamıyorum (I don't understand)
anlamıyorsun (you don't understand)
anlamıyor (he, she, it doesn't understand)
anlamıyoruz (we don't understand)
anlamıyorsunuz (you don't understand)
anlamıyorlar (they don't understand)

gitmemek (not to go)
gitmiyorum (I don't go)
gitmiyorsun (you don't go)
gitmiyor (he, she, it doesn't go)
gitmiyoruz (we don't go)
gitmiyorsunuz (you don't go)
gitmiyorlar (they don't go)

  • for comparison

giderler (they go)
gidiyorlar (they're going)

Question Forms of Present Continous Tense

The question tag mi (or mı, mu, mü) and the personal suffix follow the tense form (3rd person singular). Note the buffer consonant y and the 3rd pers. pl. (they-form).

anlıyor muyum (do I understand?)
anlıyor musun (do you understand?)
anlıyor mu (does he, she, it understand?)
anlıyor muyuz (do we understand?)
anlıyor musunuz (do you understand?)
anlıyorlar mı (do they understand?)

gidiyor muyum (do I go?, am I going?)
gidiyor musun (do you go?, are you going?)
gidiyor mu (does he, she, it go?, is he, she, it going?)
gidiyor muyuz (do we go?, are we going?)
gidiyor musunuz (do you go, are you going?)
gidiyorlar mı (do they go, are they going?)

 

 

 
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