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Computing in Turkish isn't as hard as you think. However, be aware that there are some major differences.
Keyboard layout
Unfortunately, for you, Turkish has two different keyboard layouts:
Turkish-F and Turkish-Q, both of which are quite commonly used.
Turkish-F
 Turkish-F Keyboard
This keyboard layout was designed in 1955 by İhsan Yener. During it's
design, the Turkish Language Academy (TDK) investigated letter
frequencies in Turkish and used this statistical basis to design the
Turkish-F keyboard. It provides a balanced distribution of typing
effort between the hands - 49% for the left hand and 51% for the right.
Turkish-Q
 Turkish-Q Keyboard
Turkish-Q is a more QWERTY-based layout, and therefore I would
recommend that you use this one rather than Turkish-F, as it's more
"foreigner friendly".
Using these keyboard layouts on your computer (Turkish Keyboard Configuraton)
You don't have to buy a new keyboard to be able to use these
layouts. Below you can find instructions on how to implement these
layouts on a PC. Unfortunately information on how to do this on a Mac,
Linux, or any other computer system is currently unavailable.
1) Click on Start
2) When the Start menu opens up, click on Control Panel
3)*If you are on Category View, click on Date, Time, language and Regional Options, then Regional and Language Options.
- If you are on Classic View, click on Regional and Language Options.
4) Click on the Languages tab.
5) Under Text services and input languages, click on the Details button.
6) Click on the Add button.
7) Here you will find a large list of languages. Choose Turkish, then tick the Keyboard layout/IME tick box. This will enable you to choose from a wide range of different keyboard layouts. Choose either Turkish-F or Turkish-Q (preferably the latter). Then click OK.
8) The Turkish language (and your chosen keyboard layout) has just been added to your list of Installed services. To easily switch between English and Turkish, click on the Language bar... button under Preferences.
9) When that window pops up, tick the following tick boxes:
- Show the Language bar on the desktop.
- Show text labels on the Language bar.
Then click OK.
10) Now that you've done that, click on the OK or Apply buttons to have your changes saved.
Web Development
Encoding and Languge Tags
These
are the codes which allow browsers and screen readers to process data
as the appropriate language. All letters in codes are lower case.
- Encoding: utf-8 (Unicode ), iso-8859-9, win-1254,
- Language Codes: tr (Turkish), ota (Ottoman Turkish)
Using Encoding and Language Codes
Computers process text by assuming a certain encoding
or a system of matching electronic data with visual text characters.
Whenever you develop a Web site you need to make sure the proper
encoding is specified in the header tags; otherwise the browser may
default to U.S. settings and not display the text properly.
To declare an encoding, insert or inspect the following meta-tag at
the top of your HTML file, then replace "???" with one of the encoding
codes listed above. If you are not sure, use utf-8 as the encoding.
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=??? ">
...
<head>
XHTML
The final close slash must be included after the finat quote mark in the encoding header tag if you are using XHTML
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
...
<head>
No Encoding Declared
If no encoding is declared,
then the browser uses the default setting, which in the U.S. is
typically Latin-1. In that case many Unicode characters could be
displayed incorrectly. Also, older browsers such as Netscape 4.7 may
not be able to process the entity codes correctly without the "utf-8"
declaration.
Language Tags
Language tags are also suggested so that search engines and screen
readers parse the language of a page. These are meta data tags which
indicate the page of a language, not devices to trigger translation.
Visit the Language Tag page to view information on where to insert it.
Top of Page
Inputting and Editing Text
One option is to use FrontPage,
Netscape/Mozilla Composer or Dreamweaver and change the keyboard to the correct script. Make sure you specify
the encoding in the Web page header.
Another option is to compose the basic text in an international or foreign languags text editor
or word processor and export the content as an HTML or text file with the appropriate encoding.
This file could be opened in another HTML editor such as FrontPage
or Dreamweaver an edited for formatting.
Unicode Accent Codes for HTML
Use these codes if you need to insert a word or short phrase within
a multilingual text.
Declare Unicode Encoding
The codes listed below are valid for Unicode HTML pages only, and may not work on very old browsers. To make your page a
Unicode page, add the following meta tag to the <head> portion of your document.
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
...
<head>
If you forget to include this tag, then some browsers, such as Netscape 4.7,
may not display the characters properly.
XHTML
The final close slash must be included after the finat quote mark in the encoding header tag if you are using XHTML
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
...
<head>
No Encoding Declared
If no encoding is declared,
then the browser uses the default setting, which in the U.S. is
typically Latin-1. In that case many Unicode characters could be
displayed incorrectly. Also, older browsers such as Netscape 4.7 may
not be able to process the entity codes correctly without the "utf-8"
declaration.
The Entity Codes
Use these codes to input accented letters in HTML. For instance, if you
want to type çarşı you would type ¸arşı.
These numbers are also used with the Windows Alt
codes listed above.
Turkish Windows HTML codes
| |
Vowels |
| İ |
İ dotted capital I |
| ı |
ı dotless I |
| Ö |
Ö (214) |
| ö |
ö (246) |
| Ü |
Ü (220) |
| ü |
ü (252) |
|
| |
Consonants |
| Ç |
Ç (199) |
| ç |
ç (231) |
| Ğ |
Ğ capital G-breve |
| ğ |
ğ G-breve |
| Ş |
Ş capital S cedille |
| ş |
şS-cedille |
|
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