|
Ulu Mosque (Center): It was constructed between in 1396 and 1400 by
Yıldırım Bayezit, fully made up of cut stone, with very thick and high
walls, 12 heavy four edged grade, with pendantives as of 20 domes.
It is the most classical and monumental sample of the multi - domed mosques. It has the biggest size (318 square meters) among all of the Turkish mosques with its rich and roomy space. Its balcony with small tenon panels, finely processed with Greek and palmettes, parapet networks with geometrical samples, inscription on its front Side and networked corolla is a master piece of art of transition from Seljuk style to Ottoman style.
According to the rumor related with the construction of şadırvan; some lands should have been nationalized for construction of Ulu Mosque. Şadırvan’s place was belonged to a Jewish woman. This woman who did not want to give her land had seen in her dream one night that everybody was running to the same direction. She curiously asked them where they were going, and took the respond of “Heaven!”. She also wanted to run but they stopped her, as she was not giving her land. Jewish woman who had impressed much from this dream, had gave her land next day on condition that they would build a şadırvan.
When the construction process of the mosque discontinue due to financial problems, Christian and Jewish communities supplied a certain amount of money, then in return Muslims used the stones on which David’s Star and Cross signs are engraved on the windows of the mosque to show their gratitude.
Emir Sultan Mosque and Tomb (Center): A famous scientist, Emir Sultan had come to Bursa in 1391, and had married with the daughter of Yıldırım Bayezit, Hundi Fatma Hatun. Emir Sultan Mosque and tomb was cosntructed by his wife during Murat II period. It is on a hill east of Bursa, adjacent to Emir Sultan Graveyard.
There is a tomb with eight edges near to them on the north direction. Today’s shape of Emir Sultan Mosque, a beautiful sample of mosque type with single dome in a courtyard with a şadırvan, was constructed in 1804 during Sultan Selim III period.
Muradiye Kulliye (Center): It is within a huge park in Muradiye district. Kulliye, which was constructed by Sultan Murat II in between 1424 and 1426, composed of a mosque, theology school, charitable establishment, hamam and 12 tombs.
The mosque has an angular shape which was used widely during the primary period in Ottoman architecture. Its niches and balconies are from 18th century, and it is one of Baroque style. Its entrance door is one of the most beautiful samples of wood work. There are 12 pieces of tombs within Muradiye Kulliye, which are constructed in the name of Murat II and his family.
Orhan Mosque and Kulliye (Center): Kulliye, which is constructed by Orhan Bey in between 1339 and 1340, is composed of mosque, theology school, charitable establishment, school, hamam and inn (Emir Inn) structures. It is on the east part of Ulu Mosque, and one of the first samples of Ottoman Kulliye.
Orhan Mosque is one of the most important structures of early Ottoman period in Bursa. Twin arches at both sides are one of the most important characteristics of the structure. It was constructed with two rows of bricks and one row of stone. Brick work on its external surface is also very interesting.
Hüdavendigar Mosque and Kulliye (Center): Kulliye which was constructed by Sultan Murat I (Hüdavendigar) between 1366 and 1385 in Çekirge district, is composed of a mosque, theology school, charitable establishment, tomb and hamam.
Unique in Ottoman architecture, the two storied complex's first floor is a mosque while the second floor is a theology school. Architecture of the structure, which has an appearance of a palace with its imposing external minaret, is not certain. Two layered forehead with upper layer porticos, opened with double steep arches with middle column aside and front, is gaining an imposing panorama reminding the Venetian palaces. Şadırvan under the dome, whose middle part is open, creates a harmonious atmosphere with gentle splashes.
Oposite to Hüdavendigar Mosque, there is the tomb of the Sultan Murat II (Hüdavendigar) , who died during military service in 1389 in Cassava War I . The epitaph of the tomb constructed by Yıldırım Bayezid is dated 1722.
Yıldırım Bayazit Kulliye (Center): The complex constructed in between 1390 and 1399 in Yıldırım district at the east of the city is composed of a mosque, theology school, darüşşifa (cure house), tomb, inn, hamam, charitable establishment, pleasure - house, kitchen, service rooms and stable structures. The mosque at the middle of the kulliye is one of the most monumental example of the sided mosques, and it has a cure house dated 1399. Ottoman architecture had started to find a unique building structure style with this mosque.
The tomb, which is single structured with its inscription is on the north east of the mosque. The tomb which was constructed to Mimar Ali bin Hüseyin by Yıldırım Bayezit's son Süleyman Han in 1406, is the first sample of Ottoman tombs with portico.
Yesil Mosque (Center): Adornments of the mosque, which is constructed by Çelebi Sultan Mehmet between 1419 and 1420, was constructed in 1424 during Murat II period. It is also known as Yeşil Mosque due to the green turquoise and tiles used on adornments. Its architect is Hacı İvaz Paşa. It is one of the most important Ottoman period structure in Bursa, and the mosque is famous with its adornments much more than its architecture. Tile adornments are the most important characteristics of the mosque.
Yesil Tomb (Center): Structure, which is the symbol of Bursa, is one of the most beautiful samples of Ottoman tomb architecture. Octagonal structure, to which you can climb via a marble stair, is covered by a lead dome perched on a high hoop. It is a unique structure with its tile adornments. Its fully tile covered balcony is a master piece of art. One of the most beautiful samples of the Ottoman wooden work,the door was built by transition technique of walnut tree, adorned with geometrical motifs and has inscription on it.
Gerus synagogue (Center): It is located at Arap Şükrü Street. It was constructed by the first Jewish group who settled in Bursa after they had been expeled from Spain in 14th century and welcomed by Ottoman Emperor Selim II. and brought to the region. The name of the synagogue that was derived from a word in the Hebrew language Geruş meaning "expelled" has a special sense from that point of view. The synagogue reaching to our times in a god condition is in service of the Jewish community.
Mayor Synagogue (Center): It is located at Arap Şükrü Street. It was constructed by the other Jewish communities welcomed by the Ottoman Empire and migrated from the Mayorka Island, Spain and settled in Bursa in 15th century. Moreover as they inspired from the name of the island they had departed, they gave the name Mayor to the synagogue that they constructed. The inital date of the construction is known to be 15th century. Vivid designs on the walls and the ceiling of the interior section of the synagogue draw attention.
Etz Ahayım Synagogue (Center): Located at Arap Şükrü Street and constructed in the beginnings of 14th century, the name of the synagogue means "Life Tree" in the Hebrew Language. It is peculiar in that it is the first synagogue to be constructed during Ottoman period. An imperial decree was announced during the reign of Orhan Bey, conqueror of Bursa, and the structure of the synagogue was approved.
Iznik Green Mosque (İznik): The mosque, which is the most important monumental structure of Ottoman architecture in İznik, is at the east of province and near to the Lefke Gate. It is constructed by Çandarlı Hayrettin Paşa in between 1378 - 1398.
Hacı Ozbek Mosque (Bazaar Mosque, Iznik): It is within bazaar in İznik. It is constructed in 1333, and is the oldest inscription having Ottoman mosque.
Ayasofya Museum (Iznik): It is in the middle of the city, and constructed in 4th century. Byzantium church, turned into a mosque during Orhan Gazi.The museum is where the 7th Ecumenic Council of high esteem for Christians was arranged.It is a collapsed structure today.
Senatus (Consule Palace, İznik): Senatus, which is the first Consul meeting performed, which is deemed as very important by Christians, is also named as Consul palace. Ruinsof the piece of art which is at lake gate side, are below the lake waters.
Gerus Synagogue: It was built by the Selim 2nd in the beginning of the 16th century. It is located on Arap Şükrü Street. The Jews exiled from Spain at the end of the 14th century and were put on galleons sent by the Ottoman Empire and given refuge. The first groups were settled in Bursa and this synagogue was built for them. The fact that this synagogue was called Gerush, which means 'driven away' in Hebrew, is very symbolic of their suffering.
The Geruş Synagogue is still in excellent shape today. It is well-maintained and open for worshippers. The medallions found on either side of the Ehal Akodesh cabinet, where the Torah is kept, have Hebraic inscriptions recording the construction date and the name of the master builder. There is no other inscription showing any other details of construction.
Ets Ahayim Synagogue: (The Tree of Life) It is a significant synagogue in that it is the first one built during the Ottoman period. A imperial edict made during the reign of Orhan Bey, the conqueror of Bursa, gave permission for the establishment of this synagogue.
Mayor Synagogue: The groups of Jews from the Spanish island of Mallorca who were offered refugee by the Ottoman Empire were settled in Bursa and built this synagogue. The name is derived from the name of the island from which they had come. The synagogue is presently open for events and the section reserved for the washing of the dead is still being used.
The French Church: Built of stone, the pulpit and mihrab are in separate small rooms. The church is covered with a roof of wood and clay tiles. There was a recovery room for the sick here. It is thought to have been built in the 19th century.
H. Georgios Church: (Gölyazı) Built in the second half of the 19th century, the church is a rectangle whose walls are built using alternating layers of brick and rubble. Part of the original wood structure remains.
The Church of Harmanlı Village: (Karacabey) Started in 1833, the building was not finished until 1903. Today the roof of the church is gone and many of the walls have fallen down.
Iznik Church: (İznik) A rectangular church most likely built in the 7th century. There are 9 different sections in the church. The walls are made of stone and brick and the vaults in the ceiling are brick.
Koımesıs Tes Theotokos: (İznik) Koimesis means the 'Death of Mary.' The church is believed to have been built in the 8th century and gets its name from the frescoes portraying the death of Mary. The church was completely destroyed in 1922. Only the marble foundations remained.
The Church of St. Tryphonos: (İznik) It was built by the edict of Emperor T. Laskaris in the 8th century, it has a rectangular design with four supports in the shape of a Greek cross. The walls are built using the alternating technique, in which one layer of rubble is covered with two to four layers of brick. The column and column heading are marble.
The Church of Karakoca Village: (Karacabey) The church was built in 1847 in honor of Zoodochos Pege. Today little more than a ruin, the top level has completely fallen in.
Koimesis Tes Theotokos: (Demirtaş) It was built in 1834 and converted to a mosque in 1924, the church is a basilica. The walls are made of brick and rubble.
The Church of H. Konstantınos: (Helena) (Gölyazı) Found on the Manastir Island in Lake Uluabat, the church was built in the 4th and 5th centuries. The walls of this Greek - cross type church are made of 5 levels of brick alternating with a level of rough cut stone.
The Church of Kumyaka: (Mudanya) The chuch was built in between 780-797 AD during the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Konstantinos Porphyrogenetos IV, the church is a square with a large dome in the middle and 4 vaulted sides forming the shape of a cross . The walls are made of brick and stone and the roof is tile.
The Church of Michael Taxiarches: (Demirtaş) The church was built in the 19th century and turned into a mosque in 1948. It is a rectangular structure with a wooden ceiling. The inner walls made of rubble were taken out.
The Church of Mudanya: (Mudanya) It was built in 1834, the church is rectangular in shape. On the eastern side of the church there is a half-circle apse. The walls made of cut stone are covered in places with marble.
The Church of Theodoros: (Çalı) Two parts of this Byzantine structure remain here. One is the remains of a wall of a city of antiquity upon which a village was later constructed. The other is The Church of St. Theodoros. Little is known about this church.
Yıldırım Medresesi: (Religious School) Northwest of the Yıldırım Mosque, it was built by Bayezit in 1399. Entering from the door, one sees a domed porch with 3 sides. There are 8 vaulted rooms leading into the porches from the right and the left. There are rooms for the teachers (hoca) on both sides of the entrances. The side porches are connected to vaulted classrooms. After being restored the school was used as a dispensary.
|
